There are many techniques, or “modes”, utilized to measure different material properties in SPM applications. These modes range from standard or foundational techniques, such as contact and tapping mode, to highly specific techniques for mapping mechanical, electromagnetic, or chemical properties. Many share similar operating principles with only minor differences – some are widely utilized, while others remain relatively niche. Understanding the distinctions and overlap between these modes is key to your probe selections. Click on your preferred mode below to find recommended AFM probes best suited to your research.