Shadow cast carbon replicas of diffraction line gratings. This is a cross diffraction line grating replica 3mm.
Shadow cast carbon replicas of diffraction line gratings (spacing 462.9 nm) which are used typically for calibrating electron-optical magnifications up to the x80,000 to x100,000 range. Rulings of 2160 lines/mm, ruled at 90° to one another, give additional accuracy to magnification checks and aid in checking distortion. These replicas should be used with care, avoiding excessive exposure at high probe/beam currents.
Crossed: Cross line pitch spacing of 463 nm with 2160 lines/mm in both directions, cross at 90° to one another give additional accuracy to magnification checks and aid in checking distortion. Trench-type groove makes it easy to measure pitch. Ideal for calibration electron-optical magnification up to the x80000/100000 range.
The nominal magnification reading in a electron microscope may be no more accurate than 5% even when the instrument is new. For any accurate work, the instrument needs calibrating with a known standard of length.
Whenever an instrument is calibrated, the lens currents must be cycled (by a "standardization button", if it is fitted), or by cycling the lens currents up to maximum and then down to the operating value. In this way, the effects of hysteresis are standardized. The value of the lens currents for each magnification should be recorded, so that the conditions can be reproduced.
While working at low magnifications, care should be taken to measure the grating spacings only in the central area of the plate. The image distortion is always at its worst in the low magnification range, and is most noticeable near the edges of the plate
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